Walking in Paris, strolling on cobbled streets flanked by
old buildings, we really can feel the romantic atmosphere. As in many European
cities, the buildings and streets were preserved that way, not modernized. The
last Paris renovations were carried out from 1852 to 1870 by Georges-Eugne
Haussmann under the order of Napoléon III. Haussmann’s work gave Paris the look
it has today as well as its architecture. He created a very long and wide
avenue with cafes and shops that influenced much of Parisian life. The
architecture of classical Haussmann buildings was not designed independently
but rather as part of a quarter, block, and thus the style should be coherent
and in harmony with the architecture of the other buildings. The ground floor
has thick walls. The second floor offers beautiful balconies and the third and
fourth floors are built in the same style, although the window frames have less
intricate stonework.
After wandering through the cobbled streets of Le Marais, we
arrived at the Hotel de Ville. Wow we thought, this hotel looked like a palace
or a museum, wasn’t it? It turns out that in French, 'hotel' can mean a house,
building, residence, so it does not always mean hotel as a place to rent rooms
to stay for tourists. Today, apart from functioning as the city's
administrative office, the Hotel de Ville is also a venue for art and cultural
exhibitions. There are many interesting exhibits in the building and on the
grounds in front of this building.
From the Hotel de Ville we walked not far, only a few
hundred meters to the south, to arrive at the Seine river. We can walk along
this river or take a ferry to explore Paris. It turns out that the Eiffel Tower
is located on the bank of this river and is one of the stops of the ferry route.
The name of this stop is Port de la Bourdonnais. From this side we can see the towering
Eiffel Tower, with its trademark brown color named Eiffel Tower Brown.
Walking along the Seine reminds me of the words of the
famous French painter Claude Monet: “I have painted the Seine all my life, in
every hour, in every season. I never get bored: for me the Seine is always
new.” But the river Seine in Paris is not as beautiful as Monet's paintings
made in the interior of France, such as Argenteuil, Poissy and so on. Although
the river water in Paris is not blue like in the painting, and there are no
lotus plants, it flows calmly leading us to various history that are close to
it, besides the Eiffel Tower, also Notre Dame Cathedral, Louvre Museum, and Musée
d'Orsay.
I went to Huang Shan
mountain in Anhui province, to meet Li Bai, one of China's most famous poets.
Against a backdrop of misty mountains, he met me cross-legged in front of a
small table on the veranda of a food stall. Not to forget a cup of wine was served
for him and me. I say 'not to forget' because it is a tradition in China to
serve wine or other liquor to guests as a courtesy. In addition, Li Bai has a
reputation as the Drunk Poet, due to his penchant for liquor until he drunk, but
able to write interesting poems in that state.
It seemed that Li Bai
wanted to isolate himself in the area around here, to write poems, being close
to the common people, after being 'expelled' from the Royal Academy by Emperor
Xuanzong in Chang'an (the ancient name of Xi'an city). He was expelled because
of the intrigues of ministers who were jealous of his talent to write beautiful
poems. He traveled from mountain to mountain, deepened Taoism and wrote many of
his poems there.
That morning I met Li
Bai at dawn on the Bright Peak Summit of Mount Huangshan to enjoy the golden
light of the sun slowly creeping in from behind the mountains. We just sat in
silence while Li Bai was writing a poem, he was just like that, could
spontaneously write poetry when attracted by something he encountered. Sometime
later he showed me his poem:
Thirty six strange peaks, Immortals with black
top knots.
Morning sun strikes the tree tops,
Here in this sky mountain world. Chinese
people, raise your faces!
For
a thousand years cranes come and go. Far off I spy a firewood gatherer,
Plucking sticks from stone crevices.
I responded:
"Mountains often
appear in your poetry, right?"
Li Bai, smiling,
quoted another of his poems:
“You ask for what reason I stay on the green mountain,
I smile, but do not answer, my heart is at leisure.
Peach blossom is carried far off by flowing water,
Apart, I have heaven and earth in the human world.”
I said:
“Heaven and earth in
the human world, I really can sense the deep influence of Taoism, which views
the Universe as an interconnected organic entity. None exists separately from
the others.”
Li Bai:
“I recited ‘Liu Jia’
at the age of five, an ancient Taoist book that has been lost, and see a
hundred schools at the age of ten. At the age of fifteen, I and Dongyanzi, a
Taoist hermit, went to mount Minshan to live there in seclusion. I lived in there
for several years. We raised many exotic birds in the forests, lived and worked
as animal breeders. These are beautiful and docile birds, because we used to
feeding them, so they come regularly to ask for food. It's as if they can
understand people's language, with a call, they fly from everywhere before
coming down, can even peck at people's hands. With grains, they are not afraid
at all”.
I said:
“Before you exiled
yourself to this area, it is said that you were once a high ranking official
serving Emperor Xuanzong in Chang'an. How did it happen?”
Li Bai:
“I was wandering around Zhejiang and Jiangsu
and eventually made friends with Wu Yun, a famous Taoist priest, who was close
to Emperor Xuanzong. One day Wu Yun was summoned by the Emperor to attend the
imperial court, and his praise of me was great.
His praise led Emperor Xuanzong to summon me to the court of Chang’an.
It seemed that the Emperor, aristocrats and common people alike were fascinated
by my talents and personality. At first he gave me a job as a translator, as I knew
non-Chinese language. Eventually the
Emperor gave me a post at the Hanlin Academy, the royal academy which served to
provide scholarly expertise and poetry for the Emperor.”
I said:
“Surely you wrote
poems for Emperor Xuanzong?”
Li Bai:
“I wrote several poems
about the Emperor's beautiful and beloved Yang Guifei, the favorite royal
consort.”
I said:
"May I hear one
of them?"
Li Bai:
“Clouds remind me of her apparel, flowers remind me of her countenance,
The spring breeze blows against the banister, the dew are splendidly
lush.
If we cannot meet atop the Jade Mountain,
Then we will surely
encounter one another on the jade terrace basked under the moonlight.”
I said:
“Hmmm… by mentioning
the Jade Mountain, this poem implies the empress as charming as a fairy from
the heavens, and you will meet her in the mortal world under the moonlight… The
Daoism impression is very strong, heaven and earth as a harmonious wholesome beauty.
One of the other poems
you have written since sitting in the palace is about the drunkenness of
drinking wine. A theme that is rarely expressed as poetry, because it is
considered unworthy, not beautiful, and too 'mortal'. You seem to be very much
into drunkenness perhaps because as people have known, you like drinking to the
point of intoxication, and you even write the best poetry in drunken state. One
of your famous poems is “Drinking Alone Under the Moon”, which express the
feeling of drunkenness and loneliness in a poetic and romantic way, loved by
the public because the feeling is so 'grounded to the earth’ mirroring the
habits of Chinese people from all walks of life to get drunk.
Li
Bai, staring at the sky and quoting " Drinking Alone Under the Moon "
“Among the blossoms waits a jug of wine.
I pour myself a drink, no loved one near.
Raising my cup, I invite the bright moon
and turn to my shadow. We are now three.
But the moon doesn’t understand drinking,
and my shadow follows my body like a slave.
For a time, moon and shadow will be my companions,
a passing joy that should last through the spring.
I sing, and the moon just wavers in the sky;
I dance and my shadow whips around like mad.
While lucid still, we have such fun together!
But stumbling drunk, each stagger off alone.
Bound forever, relentless we roam:
reunited
at last on the distant river of stars.”
I said:
"Wow, it's so
impressive that his feeling of loneliness is combined with the dance in the
universe. Poetic, romantic and once again very thick sense of Taoism.
However, with such beautiful poems that you
wrote why were you expelled from the Palace?"
Li Bai:
"Because of Gao Lishi
the eunuch minister who has the most political influence in the palace. He
envied me and along with other spiteful officials conspired to get rid of me
with various intrigues. Knowing my habit of drinking until the drunk, one day
they trapped me into drinking until drunk. Then in a drunken state I was brought
to the Emperor to be humiliated. The emperor was angry and then drove me out of
the palace, so I decided to leave Chang'an..."
I said:
“How did you feel
leaving Chang’an?”
Li Bai, citing ‘The City of Choan’ Li Bai, another name of 'Chang'an
City' or Xi'an:
The phoenix are at play on their terrace.
The phoenix are gone, the river flows on alone.
Flowers and grass
Cover over the dark path
where lay the dynastic house
of the Go.
The bright cloths and bright caps of Shin
Are now the base of old hills.
The Three Mountains fall through the far
heaven,
The isle of White Heron
splits the two streams apart.
Now the high clouds cover the sun
And I can not see Choan afar
And I am sad.”
THE END
This
is an imaginary interview in memory of Li Bai.
Laoshan, or Mount Lao as shan means mountain in Chinese, is
a mountain located around 30 km from Qingdao on the shore of Yellow Sea ,
China. It is the highest coastal
mountain in China and the second highest mountain in Shandong, with the highest
peak (Jufeng) reaching 1,132 metres. High in the east with cliffs near the sea,
and gentle in the west with rolling hills. From the heights of the mountain we
can view the blue sea giving this mountain the title of "the most famous
mountain on the sea".
Laoshan is surrounded by sea on three sides and carries
rivers on its flat back. Its special geomorphic environment with mountains
meeting the sea has created marvelous view with the sky, clouds, mist and
glowing sunlight often forming a variety of images. Laoshan has a typical
granite glacial landform. The granite peaks and hills in Laoshan are rich in
pictorial stones with all kinds of strange postures under the effect of water
erosion and weathering.
The mountain is also inhabited with various tall ancient trees,
which impressed Deng Xiaoping and said when he visited Laoshan: "This
place is very good. With such a few large ancient trees alone, it can attract a
lot of people. So it has conditions to arrange for opening up and the
development of tourism”.
The place is now named Laoshan Scenic Area, a national
forest park with the largest and most complete protection of natural forest
ecosystems of larches and pine trees in China's cool zone.
There are 230 ancient trees of 39 species. The
2,100-year-old Han Dynasty Cypress (Cloud-reaching Han cypress) in Taiqing
Palace with three trees growing in symbiosis, is regarded as a sacred tree by
the locals. The 1,000-year-old Tang Dynasty Elmis a peculiarly shaped tree that is one of the most ancient elm trees in
northern China. It is also known as the "Dragon Head Elm" because its
trunk is curved like a dragon's head.
We can view this beautiful scenery of Laoshan by riding a
cable car to the mountain peak, and we can view the granite rock mountain with
pine trees and various kind of trees.
After seeing the Laoshan coast we head to the Taiqing Gong temple
which is not far from the beach on the southern slope of this mountain. Between
the temple and the beach there is a large square, the name of which is Taiqing
Square of course, which is also a stop for buses to go up and down the
mountain. At the sides of the Square there are food stalls and there are also ice
cream sellers, there we tried for the first time an Ice Cream wafer from Russia,
it tastes so good, with a thick milk taste.
Taiqing Gong is the oldest and largest Taoist temple in
Laoshan Mountain, it is simple, ancient and solemn. According to legend, its
founder, Zhang Lianfu, wandered to Laoshan Mountain in 140 BC, and found a serene
spot under Laojun Peak. He chose to
build a secluded temple at this location, and gave the disciples to worship, laying
the foundation of Taoism in Laoshan. Due to its long affiliation with Taoism it
is often regarded as one of the “cradles of Taoism”.
Qing Dynasty writer Pu Songling visited Laoshan Mountain in
1672, and lived in the Taiqing Gong temple, but he couldn't afford to live in
the wing because of poverty. He could only lay the floor at night. When
writing, he used a wooden board as a desk. The candlelight on the table at
night was the best lighting. Pu Songling only visited the two famous mountains of
Taishan and Laoshan in his life, but two visits to Laoshan have left a story of
the ages. One of his classical stories is
‘The Taoist Priest of Laoshan’ reflects the mysteries and magical practice adapted by the
Taoist priests there. A wall which is said
to be the prototype of the wall the Taoist passes through (in magical way) in
Pu Songling's novel is still visible in Taiqing Palace.
Taoism (also known as Daoism) is a Chinese philosophy
attributed to Lao Tzu (c. 500 BCE), it emphasizes doing what is natural and
"going with the flow" a cosmic force which flows through all things
and binds and releases them. This flow of harmony is called Tao, or “the way.”
In the 81 poetic verses that make up the Tao Te Ching, Lao Tzu outlined the Tao
for individual lives as well as leaders and ways of governance. The philosophy
grew from an observance of the natural world, and the religion developed out of
a belief in cosmic balance maintained and regulated by the Tao. The original
belief may or may not have included practices such as ancestor and spirit
worship but both of these principles are observed by many Taoists today and
have been for centuries.
Following 108 stair steps, under the Laojun Peak, stands a
huge statue of Lao Tzu. Its height is 36 meters and width 28 meters at the
base. The statue was built according to the painting of Lao Tzu by the famous
painter Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty period. Lao Tzu is pointing to the sky
with his left hand and the earth with his right hand, which means "from
heaven to earth, there’s only the Tao".
